Mood disorders are a category of mental illnesses characterized by extreme and persistent shifts in a person's mood that can significantly impact their daily life. The most common types of mood disorders are major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Major depressive disorder, commonly known as depression, involves feeling sad, empty, hopeless or irritable for an extended period of time. Symptoms often include loss of interest in activities, significant changes in appetite or sleep, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and suicidal thoughts. Depression varies in severity and duration but often requires treatment such as antidepressant medication and psychotherapy. Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, alternates between emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). During manic episodes, a person may feel extremely energetic and euphoric but also engage in risky or impulsive behavior. Depressive episodes involve the usual symptoms of major depression. Mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics are often prescribed to help manage bipolar disorder. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs during the winter months when there is less natural sunlight. Symptoms often improve during spring and summer. Light therapy, which involves daily exposure to artificial sunlight, can help alleviate SAD. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is marked by severe irritability, depression, and anxiety in the week or two before a woman's period. Oral contraceptives or antidepressants may be recommended to regulate hormones and improve PMDD symptoms. While the exact causes of mood disorders are complex, research suggests that they can result from a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Traumatic experiences and major life stressors may trigger the onset of symptoms in someone predisposed to a mood disorder. If you think you may be suffering from a mood disorder, don't hesitate to reach out for help. Make an appointment with your primary care physician or a psychiatrist to get an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. With the right support and self-care strategies, many people with mood disorders can manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. The caring doctors at Human Antiaging Center specialize in hormonal imbalances that may contribute to mood disorders. Let us help you reclaim your joy!